![]() ![]() Generally, waterfalls are divided into two broad categories on the basis of mode of their origin viz.: The waterfalls vary so greatly in terms of their height, shape and size, dimension and volume of water that it becomes difficult to classify them in certain categories. Significant waterfalls of this fall line are Purwa or Tons falls (70m) on the Tons river (in Rewa district, M.P.), a tributary of the Ganga river, Chachai falls (127m) on the Bihar river (Rewa district), tributary of the Tons river, Kevti falls (98m) on the Mahana river (Rewa district), a tributary of the Tons river, Odda falls (145m) on the Odda river (Rewa district), a tributary of the Belan river (which is itself a tributary of the Tons river), Devdari falls (58m) on the Karamnasha river (Rohtas plateau, Bihar), Telharkund falls (80m) on the Suara West river (Rohtas plateau), Suara falls (120m) on the Suara East river, Durgawati falls (80m) on the Durgawati river (Rohtas plateau), Okharean Kund falls (90m) on the Gopath river (Rohtas plateau), Dhuan Kund falls (30m, Rohtas plateau, near Sasaram) on the Dhoba river, Kuaridah falls (180m) on the Ausane river (a tributary of the Son river, Rohtas Plateau), Rakim Kund falls (168m on the Gayghat river, a tributary of the Ausane river (Rohtas plateau) etc. Hundreds of waterfalls ranging in height between 15m and 180m are found along this fall line as all the major streams emerging from the Kaimur ranges and draining due northward make stupendous water falls while descending through the rim of the northern foreland of the Indian Peninsula. This Indian fall line extends between the Purwa or Tons falls on the Tons river (in the north-west part of the Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh) in the west and Sasaram (Bihar) in the east along the junction of the northern foreland of Peninsular India and the Ganga plains. There is also a well-marked fall line in India. ![]() This chain of water falls is called fall line in the USA. There is a chain of waterfalls along the junction of the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain from New England Region in the north-east to central Alabama in the south-west (USA) wherein all the Atlantic bound streams while descending through the Piedmont make numerous waterfalls. Generally, they are found upstream from the main falls but they are also found independently. Rapids are of much smaller dimension than waterfalls. A waterfall may be defined as a vertical drop of water of enormous volume from a great height in the long profiles of the rivers. Waterfalls or simply falls are caused because of sudden descents or abrupt breaks in the longitudinal course of the rivers due to a host of factors e.g., variation in the relative resistance of rocks, relative difference in topographic reliefs, fall in the sea level and related rejuvenation, earth movements etc. The Indus River has cut across the Himalayan ranges and flows through 17,000-foot deep gorge and canyon. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in the state of Arizona (USA) having a length of 482.8 kilometres and depth of 2088.3 m is one of the most important canyons of the world. Relatively resistant rocks support steep valley sides whereas resistant rocks alternated by soft rocks give birth to undulating valley sides. The steepness of the valley sides depends on the nature of the rocks. Canyons represent very deep, narrow but long valleys. ![]() The significant gorges formed due to recession of waterfalls include Hundrughagh gorge on the Subarnarekha river (near Ranchi), gorge of the Raru river below Johna or Gautamdhara falls (east of Ranchi), Dassamghagh gorge below Dassamghagh falls on the Kanchi river (east of Ranchi), Pheruaghagh gorge on the South Koel river (south of Ranchi), Chachai gorge on the Bihar river (Rewa, M.P.), Kevti gorge on the Mahana river (Rewa, M.P.), gorge of the Odda river (Rewa, M.P.) etc.
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